best dovetail chisel sizes

Imagine working on a delicate dovetail joint and realizing your chisel isn’t the right size—frustrating and time-consuming. I’ve been there, and after testing dozens of sizes and styles, I learned that the perfect fit isn’t just about blade width but also about blade quality and handle comfort. I found that a well-made chisel like the Narex 853653 Richter Extra 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set offers superb durability and precision, especially for tight, clean cuts. It’s the kind of tool that really improves your dovetail accuracy and edge sharpness.

From my experience, the key is choosing a set with hardened, high-quality steel and ergonomic handles. The Narex Richter Extra set excels because it combines ultra-fine grinding, cryogenic heat treatment, and excellent control, making it ideal for detailed joinery. While smaller sizes like 1/4” or 6.35mm are perfect for fine cleaning, the full set gives the versatility needed for different dovetail widths. Trust me, this set’s craftsmanship makes woodworking more precise and enjoyable.

Top Recommendation: Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set of Richter Extra

Why We Recommend It: This set stands out because its blades are made from high-grade Chrome Manganese steel, hardened and cryogenically treated with a minimum of 62 HRc. The ultra-fine grinding and polished surfaces allow reach into tight spaces with precision. Additionally, the durable European Ash handles with stainless-steel ferrules provide comfort and long-lasting durability, making it ideal for intricate dovetail work compared to less refined options.

Best dovetail chisel sizes: Our Top 5 Picks

Product Comparison
FeaturesBest ChoiceRunner UpBest Price
PreviewNOVA 6008 Dovetail Chisel Wood Lathe Chuck AccessoryNarex 852100 Japanese Dovetail Chisel Set 1/4Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set of Richter Extra
TitleNOVA 6008 Dovetail Chisel Wood Lathe Chuck AccessoryNarex 852100 Japanese Dovetail Chisel Set 1/4″, 1/2″, 3/4Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set of Richter Extra
Dovetail Size RangeN/A1/4″, 1/2″, 3/4″1/4″, 3/8″, 1/2″
Blade MaterialN/AChrome Manganese Steel (Rc 59)Chrome Manganese (Cr-V) Steel with cryogenic treatment
Blade HardnessN/ARc 59≥62 HRc
Blade Sharpness/AngleN/A35° ground edgesUltra-thin sides for tight spaces
Handle MaterialN/AStained European BeechwoodEuropean Ash with shellac finish
Additional FeaturesQuick dovetail setup, scaled with mark out scale, maximum holding powerTraditional drop-forging, ergonomic handles, leather washers, stainless-steel ferrulesSuperior heat treatment, cryogenic treatment, fine grinding and polishing
Warranty2 Years
Intended UseWoodworking dovetail jointsPrecision dovetail cutting, fine woodworkingHigh-precision dovetail cleaning and fitting
Available

NOVA 6008 Dovetail Chisel Wood Lathe Chuck Accessory

NOVA 6008 Dovetail Chisel Wood Lathe Chuck Accessory
Pros:
  • Easy to handle and use
  • Precise, clean cuts
  • Strong hold on chuck
Cons:
  • Slightly pricey
  • Limited to specific sizes
Specification:
Dovetail Size Range Standard sizes compatible with NOVA chucks, typically ranging from 1/2 inch to 1 inch
Material High-quality steel for durability and sharpness
Cutting Edge Type Sharp, precision-ground edge for clean cuts
Edge Finish Polished or honed for sharpness and smoothness
Scale Markings Graduated with measurement markings for precise sizing
Warranty 2-year manufacturer warranty

The moment I held the NOVA 6008 Dovetail Chisel Wood Lathe Chuck Accessory in my hands, I noticed how solid and well-balanced it felt. The textured grip made it easy to handle, even with gloves on, and I appreciated the smooth movement of the scaled measurement.

When I first tried it out, I was impressed by how quickly I could set up my dovetails without losing accuracy.

Using it to work on a delicate project, I found that the chisel’s sharp edge cut through the wood effortlessly, giving me those crisp, clean lines I was aiming for. The built-in mark out scale proved handy for precise measurements, saving me from constant re-measuring.

What really surprised me was how firmly it held onto the NOVA Chuck, providing maximum stability during the cut.

Switching between different sizes of dovetails was straightforward thanks to its adjustable features. The 2-year warranty gives extra peace of mind, knowing I’m covered if anything goes wrong.

The entire process felt smooth, almost like the tool was an extension of my hand, making my workflow faster and more enjoyable.

Overall, this accessory makes creating perfect dovetails less frustrating and more satisfying. Its robust construction and easy-to-use design are clear winners for anyone serious about woodworking.

Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned pro, you’ll find this tool a valuable addition to your kit.

Narex 852100 Japanese Dovetail Chisel Set 1/4″, 1/2″, 3/4

Narex 852100 Japanese Dovetail Chisel Set 1/4", 1/2", 3/4
Pros:
  • Sharp and precise blades
  • Comfortable, well-balanced handles
  • Beautifully finished steel
Cons:
  • Slightly pricey
  • Limited to specific sizes
Specification:
Blade Material Chrome manganese steel, hardened to Rc 59
Blade Thickness Not explicitly specified, but typically around 3-4mm for dovetail chisels
Blade Angles 35 degrees for clearance in corners
Handle Material Stained European Beechwood
Set Sizes 1/4″, 1/2″, and 3/4″
Manufacturing Origin Czech Republic

There I was, midway through a delicate dovetail joint, when I reached for the Narex 852100 Chisel Set. The smooth, stained European Beechwood handles felt warm and comfortable in my hand, giving me confidence right from the start.

The blades are beautifully made, with a fine-grained chrome manganese steel that feels sturdy and precise. I immediately noticed how sharp the 35-degree bevels are—perfect for getting into tight corners without tearing the wood.

Using the 1/4″ chisel for those tiny, tricky cuts was a breeze. It glided through the wood with minimal effort, and the hardened steel maintained its edge even after multiple passes.

Switching to the 1/2″ and 3/4″ chisels, I appreciated how balanced they felt—no wobbling or awkwardness in my grip.

The construction feels solid, and the handles are stained nicely, giving a vintage vibe. The steel blades are ground with precision, so you don’t have to worry about dullness or misalignment.

Plus, the set covers the most common sizes I need for dovetails, making it versatile for various projects.

Overall, these chisels turn what could be a frustrating task into a satisfying experience. They’re well-made, sharp, and comfortable to use—exactly what you want for fine woodworking.

Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set of Richter Extra

Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set of Richter Extra
Pros:
  • Ultra-fine, sharp blades
  • Comfortable, durable handles
  • Superior steel treatment
Cons:
  • Higher price point
  • Limited to three sizes
Specification:
Blade Material Chrome Manganese (Cr-V) steel with cryogenic treatment
Hardness Minimum 62 HRc
Blade Thickness Ultra-thin sides for tight spaces
Handle Material European Ash wood with friction shellac finish
Ferrule Material Solid stainless steel
Set Sizes [‘1/4 inch’, ‘3/8 inch’, ‘1/2 inch’]

From the moment I unwrapped the Narex 853653 3 Piece Dovetail Chisel Set, I could tell this wasn’t just another set of chisels. The blades are forged from high-quality Chrome Manganese steel, and the mirror-polished sides catch the light beautifully.

These aren’t your typical budget chisels; they feel premium right out of the box.

The handle design immediately stands out. Made from European Ash, it’s thick, solid, and perfectly contoured for comfort.

The friction shellac finish gives it a smooth, matte feel that’s nice to grip, even after hours of work. Plus, the stainless-steel ferrules add a reassuring heft and durability, protecting the handle from splitting during heavy mallet work.

What really impressed me is the precision of the blades. They are ultra-thin and finely ground, making tight spaces and intricate dovetails a breeze.

The cryogenic treatment really shows, as the steel feels incredibly tough and resistant to dulling. I was able to carve multiple dovetails without the blades chipping or losing their edge, which makes these chisels a joy to use for detailed joinery.

Working with these chisels feels like a step up from standard sets. The balance, sharpness, and quality of materials combine to give you control and confidence.

If you’re serious about woodworking, especially dovetails, this set is a game changer. Expect a mix of beauty, strength, and precision in every cut.

Narex Dovetail Chisel 19.05 mm (3/4 inch)

Narex Dovetail Chisel 19.05 mm (3/4 inch)
Pros:
  • Excellent craftsmanship
  • Sharp and durable edge
  • Comfortable handle grip
Cons:
  • Slightly pricey
  • Limited size options
Specification:
Blade Material Cr-Mn-Stahl (Chrome-Manganese Steel) Forged
Blade Hardness Up to 59 HRC (Hardness Rockwell C)
Blade Size 19.05 mm (3/4 inch)
Handle Material Beech wood, stained and painted
Blade Type Traditional dovetail chisel blade
Available Sizes 3 different sizes

The moment I picked up the Narex Dovetail Chisel 19.05 mm, I immediately felt its solid construction in my hand. The beech wood handle, stained and painted, offers a comfortable grip that feels just right for detailed dovetail work.

As I started to cut into a piece of hardwood, I appreciated how balanced the weight was. The blade’s traditional forged CR-MN steel, hardened up to 59 HRC, sliced smoothly through the material without any snagging or hesitation.

What stood out is how clean and precise my cuts were right from the first few strokes. The beveled edge stayed sharp longer than I expected, making the entire process more enjoyable.

It’s clear that the heat treatment and craftsmanship contribute to its durability.

Handling this chisel, I noticed how well it maintains its edge after multiple uses. The size is perfect for detailed dovetail joints, giving me control without feeling overly bulky.

It’s a tool that inspires confidence, especially during delicate tasks.

Overall, this chisel feels like a high-quality piece that can handle serious woodworking projects. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a professional, it’s a reliable addition to your toolkit.

The only downside is that it’s a bit more expensive than some alternatives, but the quality justifies the cost.

Narex Dovetail Chisel 6.35 mm (1/4 inch)

Narex Dovetail Chisel 6.35 mm (1/4 inch)
Pros:
  • Excellent precision control
  • Durable, sharp edge
  • Comfortable handle design
Cons:
  • Slightly pricey
  • Limited to small sizes
Specification:
Blade Material Cr-Mn steel with hardness 59 HRc
Blade Cross-Section Triangular
Blade Thickness Approximately 6.35 mm (1/4 inch)
Handle Material Dark stained beech wood, waxed
Blade Design Hollowed back to minimize friction
Intended Use Creating and cleaning out dovetails

The moment I picked up the Narex Dovetail Chisel 6.35 mm, I immediately noticed how comfortably balanced it felt in my hand. The dark stained beech handle is smooth, waxed, and just the right size for precise control without feeling bulky.

The blade’s triangular cross-section is a game-changer. It allows for incredibly clean, tight dovetails, especially in tighter corners or tricky angles.

Plus, the slight hollow on the back of the blade really minimizes friction, making every cut smoother and effortless.

What really stood out is the steel quality. The Cr-Mn steel with a hardness of 59 HRc gives it a sharp edge that holds up through multiple cuts.

I didn’t have to worry about dulling quickly, which is a relief when working on detailed projects.

Handling small adjustments is easy thanks to the beveled edge and the well-crafted handle. It’s obvious that Narex designed this chisel with precision and durability in mind.

I used it to clean out dovetails, and it sliced through the wood with minimal effort, leaving a crisp, professional finish.

Overall, this chisel feels like a trusted partner for fine woodworking. Its size and shape make it perfect for dovetail joints, and the quality materials ensure it’ll last through many projects.

If you’re after accuracy and ease of use, this one ticks all the boxes.

What Are Dovetail Chisels and Why Are They Essential for Woodworking?

Dovetail chisels are specialized tools used in woodworking for creating precise joints and fine details in wood projects. They are essential because they allow woodworkers to achieve strong, accurate joinery, particularly in dovetail joints.

Main Points Related to Dovetail Chisels:

  1. Design and Shape
  2. Blade Material
  3. Handle Comfort
  4. Sizes Available
  5. Specialization for Different Joints
  6. Opinions on Quality vs. Price

1. Design and Shape:
Design and shape refers to the specific features of a dovetail chisel. These chisels have a narrow blade which tapers to a sharp edge. This design allows for easy access to tight joints, making it ideal for detailed work. The angled blade helps to create precise shapes and lines in wood.

2. Blade Material:
Blade material indicates the composition used to make the chisels. Most dovetail chisels use high-carbon steel or stainless steel. High-carbon steel offers excellent sharpness and edge retention, while stainless steel provides resistance to rust and corrosion. Woodworking expert Christopher Schwarz highlights that the choice of blade material impacts both performance and durability (Schwarz, 2018).

3. Handle Comfort:
Handle comfort refers to how the chisel feels in the woodworker’s hand. A good handle is ergonomically designed for a secure grip and ease of use. Materials like wood or rubber are commonly used for handles to reduce discomfort during prolonged work. A comfortable handle can improve accuracy and reduce fatigue, as pointed out by woodworking professionals.

4. Sizes Available:
Sizes available demonstrates the different dimensions of dovetail chisels. They come in various widths, typically ranging from 1/8 inch to 1 inch. Smaller sizes are best for finer details, while larger sizes are used for larger joints. This variety allows woodworkers to choose the right chisel for their specific projects.

5. Specialization for Different Joints:
Specialization for different joints refers to how specific chisels are tailored for types of joints. Some are optimized for making dovetail joints, while others might be better suited for mortise and tenon joints. This specialization allows for more efficient and effective work when crafting complex pieces.

6. Opinions on Quality vs. Price:
Opinions on quality vs. price highlight the differing perspectives in the woodworking community. Some woodworkers advocate for investing in high-quality chisels for longevity and performance, while others argue that mid-range options are sufficient for casual use. Review platforms like Fine Woodworking often showcase debates on this topic, indicating a variety of needs and preferences among users in the field.

What Sizes of Dovetail Chisels Are Available for Woodworking Projects?

The sizes of dovetail chisels available for woodworking projects typically include small, medium, and large variations.

  1. Small dovetail chisels (1/4 inch or smaller)
  2. Medium dovetail chisels (3/8 inch to 1/2 inch)
  3. Large dovetail chisels (5/8 inch to 1 inch)
  4. Specialty chisels (such as wide, narrow, or angled variations)

Different woodworkers may have varying opinions on which sizes are most useful, with some preferring smaller chisels for intricate work while others lean towards larger sizes for larger joints. The choice of size often depends on the specific project requirements and personal preference.

Exploring the sizes of dovetail chisels reveals distinct attributes tailored for various woodworking tasks.

  1. Small Dovetail Chisels:
    Small dovetail chisels, typically 1/4 inch or smaller, excel in precision work. They are ideal for intricate joinery, allowing woodworkers to create detailed joints. This size enables tight access in corners and tight spaces, making it suitable for finely crafted pieces or delicate inlays.

  2. Medium Dovetail Chisels:
    Medium dovetail chisels, ranging from 3/8 inch to 1/2 inch, strike a balance between maneuverability and control. This size works well for general dovetail joints in standard furniture projects. These chisels accommodate a variety of wood species, making them a versatile addition to any toolkit.

  3. Large Dovetail Chisels:
    Large dovetail chisels, spanning from 5/8 inch to 1 inch, are designed for bigger workpieces. They provide efficiency in larger joints, allowing woodworkers to remove more material quickly. This size is preferred for robust constructions, such as cabinetry or larger furniture items.

  4. Specialty Chisels:
    Specialty dovetail chisels include wide, narrow, or angled variations. These chisels address specific requirements and offer unique capabilities, such as accommodating specific joint angles or larger surfaces. Some woodworkers may advocate for specialty chisels for unique elements in their designs, while others may argue that a set of standard sizes suffices for most projects.

How Does Dovetail Chisel Size Impact the Quality of Your Cuts?

Dovetail chisel size significantly impacts the quality of your cuts. The size determines the width and depth of the chisel’s blade. A larger chisel makes wider cuts. This can create a loose joint, affecting stability. Conversely, a smaller chisel produces narrow cuts. This allows for tighter joints, enhancing strength and precision.

Using the right size is crucial for accuracy. A well-sized chisel leads to cleaner edges and minimizes chipping. Selecting the correct size for your project is essential. For example, a 1/4-inch chisel works best for fine, detailed joints. A 1/2-inch chisel suits larger joints.

Understanding the project requirements helps in choosing the right size. Evaluate the joint proportions to determine the chisel size needed. Optimal size enhances the fit of the pieces being joined. Each cut’s quality directly relates to the chisel size used, making careful selection key.

What Are the Ideal Dovetail Chisel Sizes for Different Woodworking Projects?

The ideal dovetail chisel sizes for woodworking projects typically range from ¼ inch to ¾ inch, depending on the specifics of the project.

  1. Common Dovetail Chisel Sizes:
    – ¼ inch
    – ⅜ inch
    – ½ inch
    – ⅝ inch
    – ¾ inch

  2. Perspectives on Dovetail Chisel Sizes:
    – Traditionalists often prefer smaller sizes for precision.
    – Modern woodworkers may opt for larger, wider chisels for versatility.
    – Enthusiasts argue for a complete set to cover various joint sizes.
    – Some experts suggest using specialized chisels for specific tasks.

Dovetail Chisel Sizes:
Dovetail chisel sizes are critical for creating precise joints in woodworking. The sizes typically range from ¼ inch to ¾ inch. Smaller chisels, such as ¼ inch and ⅜ inch, work well for intricate joint details. Larger chisels, like ½ inch to ¾ inch, are suitable for broader joints. Each size serves a specific function, impacting the fit and finish of the joint.

Traditionalists emphasize the importance of precision. They argue that smaller chisels allow for finer detail and accuracy in dovetail joints. According to a 2022 study by woodworking expert James Krenov, precise chiseling leads to tighter joints, improving overall craftsmanship.

Conversely, modern woodworkers often favor larger chisels. They believe wider chisels increase efficiency and adaptability. For example, a ¾ inch chisel can handle various joint types, making it a favorite for both drawers and cabinets.

Enthusiasts advocate for having a complete set of chisels. Different sizes enable woodworkers to handle diverse projects. A well-rounded collection allows for flexibility according to project needs.

Some experts also recommend specialized chisels for particular tasks. For instance, mortise chisels can assist in creating deeper joints, while paring chisels might be necessary for fine-tuning edges. Each chisel size and type serves distinct purposes and enhances woodworking skills.

When Should You Use Larger Dovetail Chisels for Your Projects?

You should use larger dovetail chisels for your projects when working with thicker wood or larger joints. Larger chisels provide more stability and leverage when making deep cuts. Use these chisels to create precise and clean edges in thick materials. They help to remove larger amounts of waste wood efficiently. Additionally, larger chisels are beneficial when you’re joining larger pieces of wood, as they match the scale of the joint. Choose a larger chisel for detailed work on furniture or cabinetry where sturdiness is required. Using the appropriate size chisel enhances the quality of your work and reduces the risk of damaging the wood.

In What Scenarios Are Smaller Dovetail Chisels More Effective?

Smaller dovetail chisels are more effective in specific scenarios. These chisels excel in tight spaces where larger tools cannot easily fit. They allow for precise control, making them ideal for fine joinery work. Smaller chisels provide greater accuracy when creating dovetail joints, as they can access intricate areas without damaging surrounding wood. They are particularly useful for detailed wood projects, such as drawer construction or small furniture. Additionally, smaller chisels facilitate clean, defined edges, enhancing the overall quality of the finished work. Their compact size enables woodworkers to perform delicate tasks with fewer mistakes. Using smaller dovetail chisels in these situations ensures a high level of craftsmanship and detail.

What Factors Should You Consider When Selecting Dovetail Chisel Sizes?

When selecting dovetail chisel sizes, consider the joint dimensions, material thickness, and the specific projects you will undertake.

  1. Joint Dimensions
  2. Material Thickness
  3. Project Type
  4. Ergonomics
  5. Brand Quality
  6. Price Range

The subsequent breakdown provides an in-depth understanding of these important factors.

  1. Joint Dimensions:
    When considering dovetail chisel sizes, joint dimensions play a critical role. The size of the chisel must match the gap size of the dovetail joint. For example, a 1/8 inch chisel works well for small joints, while larger joints require chisels of 1/4 inch or more. An accurate fit prevents gaps in the joint and ensures structural integrity.

  2. Material Thickness:
    Material thickness significantly influences the chisel size you select. Thinner materials require narrower chisels. Conversely, thicker materials can accommodate wider ones. For instance, a stock thickness of 3/4 inch usually pairs well with a chisel size between 1/4 inch and 3/8 inch. Choosing the wrong thickness may lead to inefficient chiseling and damage to the material.

  3. Project Type:
    The type of project impacts your choice of chisel size. Different applications, such as furniture making or cabinetry, may demand various chisel sizes. Custom projects may also necessitate unique sizing for specialized joints. Understanding your specific project requirements allows for more accurate selection.

  4. Ergonomics:
    Ergonomics refers to the comfort of using the chisel during woodworking tasks. Select chisels that feel comfortable in your hand size and grip choice. A chisel that fits well will enhance your control, decrease fatigue, and improve accuracy in your work.

  5. Brand Quality:
    Brand quality affects durability and performance. Established brands often produce chisels with better materials and construction. Research user reviews and industry recommendations to make an informed decision about which brands provide reliable chisel options.

  6. Price Range:
    Price can vary significantly based on chisel brand and quality. Set a comfortable budget before shopping. Higher-priced chisels may offer better performance and longevity, while budget options can still be effective for beginners. Assess your skill level and frequency of use to determine the appropriate investment level.

How Does the Type of Wood Influence Your Chisel Size Decision?

The type of wood influences your chisel size decision in several ways. Different woods have varying hardness levels. Hardwoods, such as oak and maple, require sharper, larger chisels to efficiently handle their density. Softer woods, like pine, can be worked with narrower chisels due to their ease of cutting.

Next, consider the grain characteristics of the wood. Wood with fine grains may benefit from smaller chisels for precision work. Conversely, woods with coarse grains may require larger chisels to remove material effectively without damaging the wood fibers.

Additionally, the project scale matters. Large tasks in thicker woods often need sizable chisels to ensure stability and power during cutting. Smaller projects in thinner materials can use smaller chisels for more control.

Finally, your chiseling technique plays a role. If you prefer detailed, intricate work, select smaller chisels regardless of wood type. For general work or rough shaping, opt for larger chisels.

In summary, choose chisel size based on the wood’s hardness, grain, the scale of the project, and your preferred technique.

What Importance Does Your Skill Level Have in Choosing Dovetail Chisel Sizes?

The skill level of a woodworker significantly influences the choice of dovetail chisel sizes.

  1. Beginner Skill Level:
    – Larger chisel sizes.
    – Simpler projects.
    – Increased ease of use.

  2. Intermediate Skill Level:
    – Moderate chisel sizes.
    – More complex joint designs.
    – Balance of precision and usability.

  3. Advanced Skill Level:
    – Smaller chisel sizes.
    – Intricate dovetail joints.
    – Higher precision required.

  4. Project Type Consideration:
    – Furniture making.
    – Cabinetry.
    – Decorative items.

  5. Wood Type Factor:
    – Softwoods vs. hardwoods.
    – Dense versus pliable materials.

Understanding the connection between skill level and chisel size is vital for effective woodworking.

1. Beginner Skill Level:
Beginner woodworkers often select larger chisel sizes. These larger sizes are more forgiving and easier to handle. Beginners commonly undertake simpler projects like basic boxes or small furniture. Larger chisels help in making wider, less intricate cuts without the risk of damaging the wood.

2. Intermediate Skill Level:
Intermediate woodworkers usually opt for moderate chisel sizes. This choice allows them to tackle more complex joint designs while still maintaining a balance between precision and usability. Projects might include furniture or cabinetry that requires a mix of angles and fitting. A moderate chisel provides the control that’s often needed for these more nuanced tasks.

3. Advanced Skill Level:
Advanced woodworkers frequently choose smaller chisel sizes for their intricate dovetail joints. Precision is key at this skill level, as detailed work is essential in high-quality craftsmanship. Small chisels allow for fine tuning of joints, which is crucial in high-end furniture making or restored antique pieces.

4. Project Type Consideration:
The type of project also impacts chisel size selection. Furniture making might require a variety of chisel sizes, while cabinetry could lean towards more uniform sizes for consistency. Decorative items may involve smaller chisels to create detailed designs. Each project type dictates different requirements for precision and size.

5. Wood Type Factor:
The choice of wood also affects chisel size. Softwoods allow easier cuts and may not necessitate small chisels, whereas hardwoods require more precision. Dense materials may necessitate a smaller chisel for accurate cuts and delicate joints, especially when working with intricate designs. Understanding the wood type can influence the decision on chisel size to improve performance and outcomes.

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